Homework 6/29

Page 82 #20-27 33,35

20. A) Soft drinks

      B) Black coffee

      C) Milk of magnesia

21.  It is 20 times more acidic

22. 3 negative effects: Fish egg development can become decreased; the alkaline solutions can dissolve natural materials, and high concentrations of metal ions.

23. A polar solute cannot dissolve in a nonpolar solvent, and vice versa, this is known as “like dissolves like”.  Polar molecules have an uneven distribution of electrical charges, but nonpolar molecules have an even distribution.

24.  I would select lamp oil because it is nonpolar and nonpolar molecules are do not dissolve well in ethanol or water.

25. Table salt (NaCl) will dissolve in water but not in cooking oil because NaCl is polar, and therefor cannot dissolve in oil.

26. The term "like dissolves like" means that polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents. This is explaining that polar opposites do not always attract.

27. You cannot satisfactorily clean greasy dishes with just plain water because water and oil are polar opposites, and cannot be mixed. Grease is nonpolar, and water is polar.

33. A) Nonpolar substances such as milk of magnesia

B) It is more effective because these substances mix well with oil and can remove the grease from the dishes.

35. Hydrogen would have a higher positive charge because fluorine has the highest electronegativity charge out of all the elements.

Homework 6/29

Page 82 #9-19

9.  20% of 55 =11 grams of sugar 55-11= 44 grams of water

10. 0.0015 x 1,000,000 = 1500 ppm

11.  Water molecules are polar not only because of the opposite positive and negative sides, but also because oxygen is electronegative than hydrogen.

12. 

13. A) O-

      B) H+

14. The heavy metals are called “heavy” because they have a larger mass than other elements, and can be extremely dangerous.

15. 3 symptoms: damage to nervous system of liver, brain, and kidneys.

16. A) Paint and pottery and water in pipes

 B) High consumption of fish and fluorescent light

17. Hydroxide ion

18. Hydrogen Atom

19.  A) Basic

      B) Basic

      C) Acidic

      D) Neutral

Homework 6/27

Page 62 #1-3

1. A) The solute will not dissolve and the solution with become saturated.
B)

3.

C) The solution in 3b is extremely unsaturated because the water is diluted, therefor the molecules are more spread out. 

Extra Credit 6/28

This article was interesting to me because of the difference in the polar bears eating habits as the seasons change. The polar bears have adapted overtime to make the geese go into the water because they swim slower than they run. During the summer, all of the polar bears have learned how to hunt geese, as opposed to the usual seals. They don’t hunt seals during the summer because the ice caps melt and they become harder to access. They cannot hunt geese during other seasons because the geese fly, but during summer the hot weather stops them from flying. Sometimes, the polar bears gain is not worth it because of the fact that running after the geese uses more calories than the actual geese. They would need to capture the geese within 12 seconds to achieve the full advantages of hunting it. Scientists have done studying proving that the polar bears have been hunting geese for an extended amount of time. They have fecal evidence that it took most bears 25 seconds to catch the geese, which is way over the amount needed to capture it. There are several explanations for this theory, one of them being that the water, allowing them to have more energy for the chase, was cooling them down. 

This article was significant to me because I didn’t realize that animals could have different eating habits depending on the seasons. This is interesting because it resembles the human behavior of changing our harvest as the seasons change. 

http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21578638-diet-goose-flesh-may-help-polar-bears-survive-global-warming-sacred-geese

Page 81 #1-8

1.    It will dissolve in hot tea because the higher temperatures can dissolve more of the solute. The higher temperatures cause an unsaturated solution.

2.    45 g

3.    A) 200 g

B) 710 g

C) 1892 g

4.    A) 37, 31, 32

B) 170, 50, 39

5.    Saturation is when the maximum quantity of a substance that will dissolve in a certain quantity of water, and the unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less dissolved solute than the amount that the solvent can normally hold at that temperature.

6.    A) 30 g

B) Unsaturated

C) 35 g

7. A) The crystal dissolves in the solution

            B) The crystals sink to the bottom and remain not dissolved

            C) The crystals will become solids sink to the bottom

8.  1.5 x 35g = 52.5%