Homework 7/21

Page 360 # 1-8

1. The frequency is proportional, but the wavelength is inversely proportional.

2. It is a good descriptor because it shows the ranges of energy.

3. It is useful in photosynthesis because visible radiation can energize the electrons is chemical bonds, which delivers the energy necessary for reactions.

4. A) Infrared, visible, and ultraviolet

B) Infrared radiation warms living things, visible reactions energize electrons, and ultraviolet radiation kills bacteria and destroys viruses.

5.  UV-C photons can break covalent bonds and leads to a chemical change in the materials exposed, and it also kills bacteria that damage other living things.

6. Infrared reactions can be absorbed by greenhouse gases, which reradiates back to earth. 90% of visible radiation travels to earth’s surface. UV-C radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere before reaching earth’s surface and most UV-A and UV_B radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer.

7. More greenhouse gases cause more infrared radiation, which results in more energy reradiated on earths surface, and a hotter earth.

8. A) Asphalt warms up more when directly exposed to sunlight because when solar radiation reflects and illuminates it back into space. Lake water also reflects light, but it absorbs and stores heat.  

B) Water acts as a greenhouse gas and absorbs infrared light, but asphalt directly reflects light sources back to space.

Page 361 #14-20

14. CO2 and water vapor are both greenhouse gases, the infrared radiation is not directly from the sun, but is the product of transformed UV and visible radiation from the sun within the clouds. Infrared radiation is basically heat energy, that these greenhouse gases have made from trapping UV and visible light in order to absorb, reradiate, and reflect the heat energy onto earth's surface.

15. A) Natural: Breathing and Bacterial decay.

Human: Agricultural and industrial activities and Burning of fossil fuels.

B) Natural: Decomposition of plants and Decomposition of animal wastes

Human: Refining fossil fuels and Raising of livestock.

16. A) Lower altitude, increase in greenhouse/atmospheric gases, higher air pressure.

B) Higher altitude, decrease in greenhouse/atmospheric gases, lower air pressure.

17. On a sunny winter day, a greenhouse with transparent glass walls is warmer than a structure with dense wooden walls because infrared light cannot escape through the glass. 

18. A) 

B) 

19. Three chemical reservoirs of carbon atoms include atmospheric CO2 gas, solid calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and natural gases (methane CH4)

20. The carbon atom could be part of the atmosphere as a gas as a result of photosynthesis, in the lithosphere as plant or animal waste decay, or part of the hydrosphere as limestone.